Professions and Power (Routledge Revivals) by Terence J. Johnson

Author:Terence J. Johnson [Johnson, Terence J.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Sociology, General, Urban, Developing & Emerging Countries, Social Classes & Economic Disparity
ISBN: 9781315471365
Google: HgpqDAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-06-17T03:23:19+00:00

There are many more possible resolutions of the basic tension in the producer-consumer relationship. For example, the needs may be defined by one party, while the manner in which the needs are catered for is controlled by another. Whereas it can be argued that the state defines who is to receive medical services in Britain today, by and large medical practitioners continue to determine the manner in which these needs are catered for. A ‘nationalised’ occupation would exist only where the state defined both ‘needs’ and ‘manner’. In accepting that there are variations in the control of ‘needs’ on the one hand and ‘manner’ of production on the other, we can take into account relatively subtle differences in the organisation of occupations which have created some difficulties in the literature on the professions.

It must be kept in mind that the impact of a prevailing system of control upon individual occupations will vary as a result of the prior historical development of the occupation. For example, an occupation which emerged in nineteenth-century Britain may bring with it into the twentieth century many of the symbols and organisational characteristics of professionalism (used in the sense indicated above), even though professionalism may be in decline and new institutional forms of control emerging. However, where a given set of social conditions is influential in affecting the development of occupations, there will emerge dominant institutional forms of control which will in turn vary from occupation to occupation in accordance with the potentialities for autonomy which a developing occupation exhibits. In the following analysis of each of the types outlined there will be a discussion of such factors as the nature of the consumer, the producer-consumer relationship, the conditions and characteristics of recruitment, colleague relationships, knowledge and ideology.

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